Comparative studies

Smartphone-based infrared thermography: technical validation and canine cadaver proof of concept

---

Abstract

Infrared thermography (IRT) may provide an objective tool for detecting surface temperature patterns during surgical assessment, but data on low-cost smartphoneattached systems in veterinary medicine are scarce. In this experimental ex vivo study, a smartphone-attached infrared camera (InfiRay P2 Pro) was evaluated against a contact thermometer in controlled water baths and in a canine jejunal cadaver model. In two water-bath setups (2.9 L at 20 cm; 1.5 L at 30 cm), the average and point temperature outputs showed very high correlation and agreement with the reference thermometer (bias <1.0 °C, intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.98), whereas minimum temperature underestimated and maximum temperature slightly overestimated bulk water temperature. In the cadaver model, the camera detected clear localized increases in jejunal surface temperature after intraluminal and mesenteric venous warming. These preliminary results indicate that low-cost smartphone-attached IRT can detect local thermal contrast, although further in vivo validation is required before clinical use for intestinal viability assessment.