Evaluation of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay as a preclinical model for canine osteosarcoma
Abstract
The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model is widely used in human oncology to study tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Its low cost and fast turnaround time make this a promising model for veterinary oncology research as well. In this study, the potential of using the CAM assay was evaluated as a preclinical patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model for canine osteosarcoma. Three fresh tumor biopsies from one canine patient were grafted onto the CAM of chick embryos at embryonic day (ED) 9 and were maintained until ED 15. Xenografts were assessed by stereomicroscopy and histology to assess viability, vascularization, and local invasion. All xenografts established vascular connections with the CAM tissue. Viable tumor cells were observed at the graft periphery, while necrosis occurred more centrally. These findings demonstrate that the CAM assay provides a rapid, accessible, and biologically relevant model for studying canine osteosarcoma and highlights its potential as a translational model for veterinary oncology research.
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